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See also: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ADB Apple Desktop Bus. ADI AutoCAD's Device-Independent Binary Plotter Format, a vector format generated by AutoCAD. ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. Asymmetric, meaning fast one way, slow the other. AFP AppleTalk Filing Protocol. The protocol that non-Apple networks need to use in order to access data in an AppleTalk server. AFS Andrew File System. Named after Andrew Carnagie by its inventors at Carnegie-Mellon University, AFS is a distributed file system available for UNIX and other operating systems. AI 1. Artificial Intelligence, the field of computer science dedicated to developing computers that mimic the complex relational functions of the human brain. ANSI American National Standards Institute. A standards-setting, non-government organization which develops standards for "voluntary" use in the United States. AOL An online information provider, which got its start as a dial up service off the Internet and which has become the largest Internet Service Provider in the world. API Application Programming Interface. Generic term for any language and format used by one program to help it communicate with another program. APR Automatic Picture Replacement. ARIN American Registry of Internet Numbers ASCII pronounced AS-key American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ATM 1. Asynchronous Transfer Mode. 53 bytes per packet. scalable to 2-gig per second, full duplex
BASIC Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. Basic is the computer language created by John Kemeny at Dartmouth College in the late 1960s. It's popular because it is easy to learn and use. BBS Bulletin Board System. BFT Binary File Transmission. Standard for transmitting facsimile data between fax boards directly. Faster than conventional fax modems. BGP Border Gateway Protocol. BIOS Basic Input/Output System, the portion of the program in some operating systems that tailors it to a specific computer. BMP Microsoft Windows bitmap format. BPS Bits Per Second.
CAD Computer Aided (or Assisted) Design or Drafting. Using computers to design products or architecture. Sometimes CAD output is sent directly to operate the machinery that makes the product; this is called Computer Aided Manufacturing. See CAM. CAM 1. Computer Aided (or Assisted) Manufacturing. This is when machinery receives instructions from computer input. This input usually originates in a CAD device. The CAD output is fed into the CAM device and translated into instructions to the machinery. When they are integrated this way, it is known ad CAD/CAM. CD Compact Disc. CD-ROM Compact Disc Read Only Memory. CEPS Color Electronic Prepress System. A computer based system for the graphics art industry that electronically simulates the traditionally labor intensive tasks associated with page makeup and color image manipulation. CGM Computer Graphics Metafile. CGMP Cisco Group Multicast Protocol: Only sends multicasts to subscribed clients (IGMP) floods all ports). CODEC COmpression/DECompression algorithm COM Common Object Model. CPI Characters Per Inch. The density of characters per inch on tape or paper. CRT Cathode Ray Tube. The glass, vacuum display device found in television sets and computer terminals. CT Scitex Continuous Tone format. CTP Computer To Plate. CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture.
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. An agency of the U.S. Department of Defense that sponsored the development of the protocols that became the TCP/IP suite. DARPA was previously known as ARPA, the Advanced Research Project Agency, when ARPANET was built. DBMS Database Management System. A complex system of programs and utilities used to define, maintain, and manage access to large collections of online data. DCS Desktop Color Separation. Developed by Quark. A DCS file is composed of five files. The main file is a composite with pointers to separation files and a low-resolution PICT preview file. There are four separations files, one for each process color. DDCP Direct Digital Color Proofing, a prepress proofing method which creates color proofs without the need for film or plates by using only digital data. DDES Digital Data Exchange Standards, a set of established formats, protocols, and values allowing one vendor's equipment to exchange data with another vendor's equipment. In color process printing, data can be exchanged between Color Electronic Prepress Systems. DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Serves up IP addresses to clients at boot-time, so the client does not have a "hard" IP address. DLG Digital Line Graph DLL Dynamic Link Library. A file of functions, compiled, linked, and saved separately from the processes that use them. Functions in DLLs can be used by more than one running process. The operating system maps the DLLs into the process's address space when the process is started up or while it is running. Dynamic link libraries are stored in files with the DLL file extension. DNS 1. Domain Name Service. An Internet service that maps symbolic names to IP addresses by distributing queries among the available pool of DNS servers. DPI Dots Per Inch. A measurement of output device resolution and quality. Measures the number of dots a printer can print per inch both horizontally and vertically. A 600 dpi printer can print 360,000 (600 by 600) dots on one square inch of paper. DSL Digital Subscriber Line. DSS Decision Support Systems. DTD Document Type Definition (for SGML).
EPIC Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing. (Predicted by Intel to become the "standard" of computing with Merced, the new IA-64 CPU.) EPS Encapsulated Postscript document ERP Enterprise Resource Planning.
Fax Facsimile Transmission. The process of scanning graphic images to convert them into electronic signals, alter and adjust these signals to correctly reproduce the original, then transmit these electronic signals to produce a recorded likeness of the original on a photo sensitive material. FAQ Frequently Asked Questions. A list of common questions with their answers, maintained by most special interest groups on the Internet as a way of lowering the frequency of basic technical questions. FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface FTP File Transfer Protocol. FPX The FlashPix format FYI For Your Information. An acronym frequently used in e-mail messages
GIF Graphics Interchange Format GIGO Garbage In, Garbage Out. If the input data is wrong or inaccurate, the output data will be wrong or inaccurate. GIGO is often the problem with data entered by hand into computer systems. GUI pronounced gooey Graphical User Interface. A generic name for any computer interface that uses graphics, windows, or a pointing device instead of a character-mode interface. GUI were first developed by Xerox at Xerox PARC in Palo Alto, California, and first put into use with the MacOS.
HSB Hue Saturation Brightness. To artists, it is an abbreviation for all of a color's characteristics hue (the pigment); the saturation (the amount of pigment); and brightness (the amount of white included). With the HSB model, all colors can be defined by expressing their levels of hue, saturation and brightness in percentages. HSL A red, green, blue (RGB) image displayed on a video monitor in three channels (hue, saturation, brightness), although only one channel is displayed at a time. HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol. The TCP\IP-based communications protocol developed for use on the WWW, HTTP defines how clients and servers communicate over the Web.
I18N Internationalization (i.e. I, 18 char, N) IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. An international professional society that issues its own standards and is a member of ANSI and ISO. IFF Electronic Arts' Interchange File Format IPv6 Per RFC 1884, 8 sets of 0-FFFF (instead of 4 sets of 0-255). 32-bit IPv4 was old standard, 128-bit IPv6 will be new standard (IPv5 was an aborted video standard, and has been skipped). ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network. A high-bandwidth over a single medium, enabling telephone lines to handle both on a single wire. ISDN permits connections up to 128Kbps. ISDN requires a special adapter for your computer. ISL Inter-Switch Link (Cisco) ISP Internet Service Provider. Any organization that provides Internet access to consumers, usually for a fee.
JAVA MT Java, MultiThreaded JBIG, JBG Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group JPEG, JPG Joint Photographic Experts Group. (for still images, looks for sets of pixels containing similar or identical data--throws away redundant pixels, notes what was done)
L10N Localization LAB A system for describing, measuring, and controlling color, using hue, luminance, and brightness established by the International Committee on Illumination (CIE). LAN Local Area Network. High-speed transmissions over twisted pair, coax, or fiber optic cables that connect terminals, personal computers, mainframe computers, and peripherals together at distances of about 1 mile or less. LASER Acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. A device that utilizes the natural oscillations of atoms or molecules between energy levels for generating coherent electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet, visible, or infrared regions of the spectrum. LCD Liquid Crystal Display. An electronic component containing a tiny quantity of liquid that crystallizes (turns black) when a small electrical current passes through it, and returns to a liquid state when the current is switched off. LPI Lines per inch. Measure of resolution for halftones.
Merced Intel's 64-bit Chip MIF Maker Interchange Format. The export format produced by FrameMaker for sharing data with other word processors or text-handling systems. MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. Extensions to the RFC822 mail message format to permit more complex data and file types than just plain text. MIPS Million Instructions Per Second. MNG The proposed Multiple Network Graphics. Modem Short for modulator-demodulator. Device that allows digital signals to be transmitted and received over analog telephone lines. MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group. (same algorithms as JPEG, but instead predicts subsequent frames) MS-DOS The basic command system _called disk operating system, or DOS _ for IBM and IBM clone personal computers. Myriad Greek for "ten thousand"
NCSA National Center for Supercomputing Applications. An arm of the University of Illinois, where Mosaic was originally developed.
OCR Optical Character Recognition. The ability of a scanner with the proper software to capture, recognize and translate printed alpha-numeric characters into machine readable text. OLE Object Link and Embedding. The specification that details the implementation of Windows Objects, and the interprocess communication that supports them. OLTP On-Line Transaction Processing
P1394 A.K.A. "Fire-Wire" High-speed serial peripheral bus. 12.5-50 mbps rated. PAM Plugable Authentication Module (Solaris) man pam PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect. PDF 1. Portable Document Format. PDL Page Description Language. PCD Kodak PhotoCD format PCX ZSoft Paint format PICT Apple Quickdraw metaformat PMS Pantone Matching System. A means of describing colors by assigning them numbers.. PODI and VDPI Print On Demand Initiative, Variable Data Printing Initiative. PODI is directed by Adobe, Scitex, EFI and Xerox, which comprise its board of directors. Other members include Agfa, GammaGraphX, GretagMacbeth, Hewlett-Packard, Lanier, Minolta, NexPress, Splash, Tektronix Xeikon, US Post Office, Varis. (www.podi.org) POP Account Post Office Protocol POTS Plain Old Telephone Service PPD PostScript Printer Description file. A file that contains information on screen angle, resolution, page size and device-specific information for a file to be printed on a PostScript device. PPP Point to Point Protocol PS Adobe Postscript page description language PSD PhotoShop Document; Adobe Photoshop native file format
RAM Random Access Memory. The memory that is used to run applications and perform other necessary tasks while the computer is on. When the computer is turned off, all information in RAM is lost. RAS 1. SUN Raster format. RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company RGB Red, Green, Blue. The primary colors, called "additive" colors, used by color monitor displays and TVs. The combination and intensities of these three colors can represent the whole spectrum. see additive color theory RIP Raster Image Processor. The hardware/software which converts data which has been stored in a computer into a series of lines of tiny dots which are output on film or photographic paper. In line work, the dots can be grouped to create solid areas. RIPE European version or ARIN (E stands for European, it's French) RLE CompuServe for Windows Run Length Encoded compressed image format. ROM Read Only Memory. Data stored in a medium that allows it to be accessed but not modified. RRED Right Reading Emulsion Down. This means a film image that when plated would read correctly. Not always ideal since it requires intermediate films to be made during composite work. Right Reading is typically assumed-- RRED is referred to as E-down. RREU Right Reading Emulsion Up. This means film whose image would print wrong when plated. The image has been flopped when this is the case. RRED is referred to as E-up. RSA RSA Encryption. The RSA stands for the three originators: Rivest, Shamir, Adleman. RTF Rich Text Format. Microsoft export file format supported by many word processors and desktop publishing programs.
SCO Santa Cruz Operation SCSI Small Computer Serial Interface. pronounced "scuzzy." An industry standard for connecting peripheral devices and their controllers to a microprocessor. The SCSI defines both hardware and software standards for communication between a host computer and a peripheral. Computers and peripheral devices designed to meet SCSI specifications should work together. SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line) Data transfers the same speed in both directions SEA Self Extracting Archive SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language. A metalanguage suitable for describing all kinds of markup languages, including HTML. SKIP Simple Key Internet Protocol. (encryption) SLIP Serial LIne Interface Protocol--Allows a serial connection to look like a network connection SMP Symmetric Multiprocessing: i.e. add more CPU's, divide the work SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. The application layer protocol that supports messaging functions over the Internet. SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SOHO Small Office/Home Office (or a chic area in west Manhattan) SONET Synchronized Optical Network. (OC12SONET is 622 Mbits per second, approx equivalent to 12 T3's or 336 T1's) SPF Still Picture Interchange File Format SWOP Specifications for Web Offset Publications. A standard set of specifications for color separations, proofs, and printing to encourage uniform standards in the industry.
T1 1.544 megabits per second T3 45 megabits per second TCP Transport Control Protocol TIFF, TIF Tag Image File Format
UCR Under Color Removal. Removing excessive densities of cyan, magenta and yellow in neutral shadow areas to allow for more press controllability without plugging up the shadows. URL Uniform Resource Locator. The primary naming scheme used to identify Web resources, URL's define the protocols to be used, the domain name of the Web server where a resource resides, the port address to be used for communication, and the directory path to access a named Web document or resource.
VAR/VAD Value Added Reseller/Dealer. Essentially, VARs or VADs are companies that buy equipment from computer or telephone manufacturers, add some of their own software and possibly some peripheral hardware to it, then resell the whole computer or telephone system to end users. VDT Video Display Terminal. Generic, slightly inaccurate name for any display terminal. VGA Video Graphics Array. IBM video display standard. Provides medium-resolution text and graphics.
W3 World Wide Web. WMF Windows Metafile Format. WORM Write Once Read Many. Optical storage device on which data is permanently recorded. Data can not be altered, and no additional data can be added. WPG This is the WordPerfect metafile format WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get. pronounced "wizzy-wig." It refers to a graphics or publishing program that displays images on the screen the way they will appear on paper.
XPG4 X/Open Portability Guide, Issue 4
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