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See also:
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face (short for typeface and same as family) all type of a single design, e.g., Helvetica. facing pages verso and recto pages of a spread. family see face feather 1. to add small increments of leading that the naked eye will not notice in order to bottom align columns or pages. file A document or application that has been given a name. file attribute A characteristic of a file - for example, the read-only attribute. file format The structure or arrangement of data stored in a file. fix A chemical action to stabilize the image and prevent further exposure by removing unexposed silver halide. fixed space particular amount of white space, such as an em, en, or thin space, which will not be "stretched" for justification purposes as will a spaceband. fixed-width Font see monospace flat bed A flat bed optical input or output device (scanner or plotter) transfers images by means of a flat plane rather than a revolving cylinder. flop to provide a mirror-image of a photograph or other graphic. see reflect flush bottom text or art base aligns on the last line of a page. flush left (left aligned, left justified, fl, F/L) pertains to copy which is aligned on the left margin. flush out type or art aligns flush outside of page (flush left for verso; flush right for recto pages). flush right (right aligned, right justified, fr, F/R) pertains to copy which is aligned on the right margin of a measure. flush top text or art top aligns with the top of the type or text page. folio abbreviated fol page number. font A graphical design applied to all numerals, symbols and characters in the alphabet. A font usually comes in different sizes and provides different styles, such as bold, italic, and underlining for emphasizing text. foul galley or foul proof a galley or proof after the corrections indicated on it have been made and new proofs printed. FPO For Position Only. Low resolution temporary image that is replaced before file is imaged. FreeHand A computer illustration program developed by the former Aldus Corporation. Now developed by Macromedia frequency The lines per inch (lpi) in a halftone screen. french spacing double word spacing between sentences. full bleed bleed which extends off all four sides of the page. see bleed full measure extending across the entire width of the type page, without indention.
galley proof, galley laser printout of typeset material. galley slug identification at the top or bottom of each galley. gamma A measure of contrast in photographic images. A densimetric evaluation of graph paper indicating highlight to shadow contrast in terms of density values, plotted on a graph to establish the maximum and the minimum, the difference between them being the gamma. gamut see color gamut gradient, gradation gradient or vignette see blend grid a film positive sheet ruled to indicate margins and position of certain elements, which may be placed over page proofs or galleys by proof to check makeup and alignment. gutter margin the inside or binding margin of a book.
hairline rule 1/4 point rule. half-title (bastard tile) abbreviated htp a nonessential page, repeated if needed to fill blanks, which contains only the book title. halftone The production of continuous-tone artwork, such as a photograph, through a screen that converts the image into dots of various sizes. When printed, the dots merge to give an illusion of continuous tone to the naked eye. hang same as indent; usually refers to turn lines- hanging indent. Hang is also used to indicate that an element is top aligned, e.g. hang chapter opening art from the top margin. hard code typeset without formats, using instead separate commands created by the operator for font, type size, leading, etc. (generally to be avoided). head margin space from top of type page to trim. header Text that appears at the top of every page of a printed document. hierarchy, hierarchial A form of document or file structure, also known as a tree structure, where all elements except the root have parents, and all elements may or may not have children.
Icap see initial cap icon graphic symbol. Illustrator A vector graphics illustration program developed by Adobe Systems, Inc. image computer representation of a picture or graphic. image processor device that takes input data and changes it into the proper format for an imaging device - laserprinter, imagesetter etc. see RIP imagesetter A device which transfers a computer image or composition onto photographic film or paper. Imposition laying out pages in a press form so that they will be in the correct order after the printed sheet is folded. indent (indention) the amount by which a line of type is less than full measure (i.e., paragraph indention is space left blank at the left in the first line of a paragraph). inferior letters or numerals letters or numerals smaller than the body type, positioned below the alignment of normal letters (e.g., H2O: the 2 is an inferior numeral). see subscript initial cap capitalize only 1st letter of 1st word (and proper nouns). inline graphic A graphic that is embedded in a text block or line of text. input resolution The number of samples taken at the scanner per unit of length when digitizing an image. If the image is destined to be resized, the scanner resolution is set to accommodate interactive enlargement or reduction of the image at the workstation. inside margin see gutter margin italic a sloping, slanted variation of a typeface; italic type.
justification the adjustment of the spacing within lines of type to fit the lines to a specific measure on the type page, e.g., left justify, right justify, center justify, full justify. see also justified type justified type (full) lines of type where each line is set to full measure, even on both sides. see also ragged
K abbreviation for process black. Kelvin, 5000 degrees Color temperature is frequently used to describe the color quality of light in degrees of Kelvin. The lower the temperature the more yellow and red are found the higher the temperature the bluer the light appears. 5000 degrees is an average. It is considered to produce reflected or transmitted colors as close to normal sunlight as possible. In the printing and photographic industries, it is used as a normal viewing condition for purposes of standardization industry wide. Fluorescent lights which are 5000 degrees Kelvin with a CRI index of 90 or more are required. kern to add or subtract small units of space between characters for attractive and consistent spacing between pairs of letters see letter space kerning pairs see pair-kerning keyline A black outlined area on a layout indicating a precise area for the placement of a color or black and white artwork. knockout An area where a layer of spot- or process color is deleted from layers of color below. This deletion may be transparent allowing the background to show through, or may be filled with the expected background color a piece of art will be placed upon. Commonly referred to as knock out to background (KOBG).
landscape Page or monitor orientation in which the page width exceeds the page length compare with portrait, see broadside layout sketch of a proposed printed piece, esp. a page or spread. leader row of spaced dots to guide the eye, e.g., contents entry to page number. Leaders should align to the right, with a predetermined space to target numeral or text. leading A typesetting term for the distance from baseline to baseline between lines of printed text. Leading may also be used to indicate the additional space between lines of text beyond the text point size, e.g. 10/10 type with 2 points leading is 10/12 type. legend same as caption. letterspace to add a small (or sometimes very large) amount of space between each letter to achieve justification or as a special effect. ligature two letters designed as one, e.g., fi fl (see GTS standard for usage rule). line see rule line art art composed of lines, as opposed to halftones or photographs. Line art is usually saved as a bitmap eps document with a typical resolution of 600dpi to 1200dpi. line break end of a line of type. line length the width of a line of type in picas or points. line long indicates page length exceeds normal page depth by 1 line. Line Screen the resolution of a halftone, expressed in lines per inch. line short indicates page length is 1 line short of regular page depth. line space additional space inserted between type lines; determined by leading. logo (logotype)(trademark) unique symbolic design that may include both imagery and type. lowercase the small letters in type, as distinguished from the capital letters. LPI Lines per inch. Measure of resolution for halftones.
M abbreviation for magenta. magenta subtractive primary color that appears blue-red, and absorbs green light; also process red. see process color makeup the arrangement of composed type and all associated materials (photos, figures, running head and folios, etc.) into pages. manuscript client-supplied copy from which type is set, abbreviated ms marginal column smaller column to the left or right of main text column, separated by a gutter. margins the blank areas that border the printed type page. master proof a set of galley or page proofs prepared for customer approval and stamped Master for identification. This is the set upon which the customer marks their corrections, compiling edits from all sources (authors, editors, etc.). match print contact-frame produced material used for proofing four-color art, negatives and imposed flats. The colors generated by this process will most closely resemble the final printed product. This proof can be used for color guidance at press side. measure width of type (in picas/points). middle tones (midtones) The tonal range between highlights and shadows of a photograph or reproduction. Midtones are very important because they contain the majority of the detail in a reproduction and must remain neutral and in balance in order to match the original. mirror The process or tool that copies a selected object and inverts it by reflecting it across an imaginary line on the screen. Moiré In color process printing, the pattern which exists because of one screen angle overprinting another or several other screen angles. Sometimes the moire pattern becomes objectionable because the screen angles are less than 30 degrees, creating an "interference effect." However, the yellow screen in process color is always less than 30 degree angle from other colors but since the yellow dots are virtually invisible to the eye these patterns are unseen. monospace all characters, as on a manual typewriter, occupy the same space, so that i will align vertically with m m on a line below. compare with proportional font ms abbreviation for manuscript. mutt see em space MWU (main words up) same as caps and lower case.
negative A piece of film on which the image of the original copy is reversed - the dark areas are white and the clear areas are black. noise Unwanted electronic or optical signals that cause interference in the reproduction of data or an image. nut see en space
oblique altered type to resemble italic; used by GTS in families that have no designed italic font or whose italic we do not have. orphan the first line of a paragraph which appears as the last line of a column or page. osc, OSC Out See Copy. Add the attached, which was set wrong or not at all. outline style set with successive indents, each sublevel hanging on the text of the level above it. see hang overprint printing one spot or process color over another color. Frequently used to build traps. Also used in color printing in order to enhance a particular color, or contrast and distinguish a particular color from other similar colors. It is used when the normal process color system is unable to discern close color differences, but are required by the client. overset type set in excess of prescribed line length, or type that runs longer (more lines) than the layout accounts for. |
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